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Introduction to integrated circuits An integrated circuit is a miniature electronic device or component. A certain process is used to interconnect components, such as transistors, resistors, capacitors, and inductors, in a circuit, on a small or small piece of semiconductor wafer or dielectric substrate, and then packaged in a single package. It becomes a micro-structure with the required circuit function; all the components are structurally integrated, making electronic components a big step...
If there is a typical or generic embedded system application in the world, the mainstream semiconductor company's product catalog will be much thinner. Designers now have to choose from a variety of processor architectures (most embedded system designs are centered around the processor core), and the choice of peripherals, communication ports, and analog functional combinations is almost limitless. This is precisely the problem of the diversity of embedded applications: although there are...
It is the invisible programmable devices under the user's fingers that make handheld devices so convenient and fun. These handheld devices are equipped with a battery capacity that is sufficient for a child's concentration period or one business day, so that as long as the battery has a chance to recharge it, people can enjoy it again and again. Chargers in some of the more advanced devices have powerful programmability, which not only shortens the charging cycle, but also extends...
At present, there are two kinds of civilizations in the world, one is a carbon-based civilization composed of human society, and the other is a silicon-based civilization composed of various chips. Because almost all chips are made of single crystal silicon, the chip The total number of systems is tens of times more than the number of humans. The chip family is also divided into various types of chips. From the ancient tons of logic gates piled up with electronic tubes to the current super data...
Scientists at IBM in the United States have developed the first integrated circuit made of graphene wafers, which is a step forward in the development of graphene computer chips. Scientists believe that this breakthrough may indicate that graphene wafers can be used instead of silicon wafers in the future. Graphene introduction Graphene is a two-dimensional crystal. The common graphite is formed by stacking a layer of planar carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb order. The interlayer force of...
Headphone jack, headphone jack, headphone jack, headphone jack, headphone jack issued a unified standard! Headphone socket circuit diagram analysis, headphone socket circuit diagram solution, headphone socket circuit diagram analysis description, headphone socket detection circuit bad track knowledge Choosing an energy-saving headphone jack, the most important thing is to look at the energy saving rate of the headphone jack (whether the whole set of equipment can save energy together), and...
In theory, physical synthesis tools have all the necessary information about the layout; in practice, they must also be very carefully associated with the actual layout data. The design of a chip involves many stages, from system specification and architecture design, to various manufacturing methods and to the final packaging of the finished chip. Accurately estimating timing and area during this cycle will be critical as it will allow for accurate planning and product compliance. This article...
In the transformation and upgrading plan of the electronic information industry issued by Henan Province, the integrated circuit industry is one of the key points, emphasizing the strong industries such as strong electronic materials, cultivating key core industries such as integrated circuits, and achieving high-end breakthroughs. Target By 2020, the province's electronic information industry will basically achieve the main business income to reach trillions of dollars, and build an...
How to accurately determine whether the integrated circuit IC in the circuit is "lazy" is not in the working state, whether it is good or bad is to repair an important content of television, audio, video equipment, judging is not allowed, often spend a lot of effort to replace the new integrated circuit and malfunction Still exists, so make a correct judgment on the integrated circuit. 1. First, you must master the purpose of the IC in the circuit, the internal structure principle,...
Op amp phase (frequency) compensation circuit design The inside of the integrated op amp is a multistage amplifier. Its logarithmic amplitude-frequency characteristic is shown as curve 1 (solid line) in Fig. 1. The turning point of the logarithmic amplitude-frequency characteristic curve above zero decibel is called the pole. In the figure, the P1 P2 point is called the pole. The frequency corresponding to the pole is called the corner frequency, such as fp1, fp2, and the first pole, that is,...
Demand for low-cost two- and three-wheeled vehicles is increasing in emerging markets such as China, India and Brazil. These small engines – especially the vaporized two-stroke design, which represents the mainstream of small motors in Asia – are the main source of air pollution. The harmful gases emitted by a three-wheeled taxi with a two-stroke engine are equivalent to the sum of about 50 modern cars. Governments are implementing strict regulations requiring motorcycle and outdoor equipment...
At the just-concluded ICCAD 2017, a set of data once again made China's integrated circuit (IC) design stunning the industry. In 2017, China's IC design industry sales revenue is expected to be 194.598 billion yuan, an increase of 28.15% year-on-year! According to the "National Integrated Circuit Industry Development Promotion Outline", the total sales of China's IC industry design industry will reach 350 billion yuan by 2020, which has already highlighted the "small...
▲ Image from the network The birth of RFID radio frequency identification technology RFID technology was born during World War II and was first used by the Royal Air Force to identify its own and allied fighters. In order to identify the returning aircraft, the United Kingdom equips the Allied aircraft with a radio transceiver. When the interrogator on the control tower transmits an interrogation signal to the returning aircraft, the transceiver on the aircraft receives the signal. A signal is...
Integrated circuit digital-to-analog converters are binary inputs, while digital-to-analog converters with op amps are not limited by the number and number of bits. It uses the op amp's inverse adder principle, as shown in Figure 1. When the gain of the op amp is high enough, its inverting input is virtual ground, and its output voltage v0 is determined by: When VI=V2=V3=V4=V. If Rl=, then Vo=-V(1+2+4+8) constitutes a binary digital-to-analog converter. Of course, the number of resistors...
How to accurately judge whether the integrated circuit IC in the circuit works, whether it is good or bad is to repair an important content of TV, audio, video equipment, judging is not allowed, often spend a lot of effort to replace the new integrated circuit and the fault still exists, so it is necessary The integrated circuit makes a correct judgment. 1. First, you must master the purpose of the IC in the circuit, the internal structure principle, the main electrical characteristics, etc.,...
Simple multi-control switch circuit CD4013 The circuit is used as an energy-saving lamp. When going upstairs, press AN1 and H lights up. Press IN when you enter the room, and H will go out. It differs from the monostable energy-saving lamp in that the time from pressing AN1 to pressing ANn can be arbitrary and is not limited by time and space. Control schematic: Application control circuit: CD4013 integrated circuit signal transmission characteristics 1: When the CD4013 pin 3 (CK) is input...
In integrated op amp applications, phase-compensated integrated optics are sufficient for most applications. However, when applied, sometimes self-excitation occurs, which is generally caused by the following reasons. 1. The phase correction circuit and parameter values recommended in the instructions for use of the integrated operational amplifier are not corrected. 1 The compensation methods and parameters recommended in the manual are obtained through product design and a large number of...
In the previous article Perfect Grounding vs. Imperfect Grounding, we emphasized the importance of maintaining a low impedance ground plane for providing digital and analog loop current paths. Today we will discuss equally important and relevant topics: how to use power supply decoupling to keep the power supply into the low impedance of the integrated circuit (IC) at various points. Analog integrated circuits such as amplifiers and converters have at least two or more power supply pins. For...
How Circuit Regulators Work The process of regulating the output voltage by the regulation of the circuit is called voltage regulation. A circuit that maintains a constant output voltage when the input voltage, load, ambient temperature, and circuit parameters change. This circuit provides a stable DC power supply and is widely used in a variety of electronic devices. The basic components of the circuit regulator Adjustment component, reference voltage circuit, sampling circuit, comparison...
The role of three-phase rectifier circuit: In the circuit, when the power is further increased or multiphase rectification is required for other reasons, a three-phase rectifier circuit is proposed. The figure shows the schematic diagram of a three-phase half-wave rectification circuit. In this circuit, each phase of the three phases separately forms a half-wave rectification circuit, and the three voltage half-waves that are rectified are superposed by 120 degrees in time, and the rectified...
The power management design of the Bluetooth headset requires fewer peripheral components and high integration, while meeting the Bluetooth chip's requirements for load response and noise suppression. Wireless stereo headphones have become a hot product. As more and more phones support Bluetooth, Bluetooth headsets have become a must-have option for mobile phones. At the same time, with the introduction of stereo Bluetooth headsets that support MP3 playback, Bluetooth headsets have been...
What is a 51 MCU? 51 MCU is a general term for all MCUs compatible with Intel 8031 instruction system. The first ancestor of this series of MCUs is Intel's 8004 MCU. Later, with the development of Flash rom technology, the 8004 MCU has made great progress and become one of the most widely used 8-bit MCUs. Its representative model is ATMEL's AT89 series. Widely used in industrial measurement and control systems. Many companies have launched 51 series compatible models, which will...
The basics of operational amplifiers in analog circuit fundamentals are well known to electronics engineers. This article will introduce the basics of the principles, symbols, and circuit models of inherited circuit op amps. Integrated circuit operational amplifier The integrated circuit operational amplifier is a high-gain multi-stage direct-coupled voltage amplifier. It uses an integrated process to fabricate a large number of semiconductor transistors, resistors, capacitors and other...
Nine levels of analog integrated circuit design One paragraph: You just started to enter this line. You only have a general understanding of what PMOS/NMOS/BJT is. You are not sure about the characteristics of various devices. You don’t have any idea what kind of circuit you design. The circuit diagram mainly looks at the articles in domestic magazines, or according to the ready-made circuits in the textbooks, you always feel that they are justified. The circuit you are working on is mainly a...
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